The Effects Of Hiv And Aids On South Africa - 1279 Words

1. Why has it occurred? The history in how HIV and AIDS in South Africa occurred is one of the most controversial of any country. There have been many instances where the disease has spread rapidly across the country due to lack of action and harmful interference, conflict between politicians, HIV and AIDS organisations and scientists. The consequences of a slow and interrupted response are still being felt to this very day. Although some groups of society are more at risk then others, South Africa HIV and AIDS epidemic affects people from all sectors. It is said HIV in South Africa occurred due to gay men. Two white homosexual men in 1982 were diagnosed with HIV, both whom were flight stewards. In 1989, a study was reported displaying†¦show more content†¦Social factors include: Poverty, as it can drastically limit the access to health care resources, testing, and medication that has the ability to lower levels of HIV in the blood stream and also help prevent transmission; discrimination, stigm a and homophobia, as these factors most notably reduce the likelihood for individuals to seek testing, prevention and other treatment; prevalence of HIV, just the overwhelming issue that if more people are affected by the disease the increased chances an individual‘s are going to be affected and also higher rates of incarnation among men, has the ability disturb sexual and social networks in the broader society and decrease women’s ability for women to find a partner (CDCP, 2015). The relations of these factors mentioned above will not only continue to fire the epidemic and increase the impact it will have, it also will be significant in determining which interventions will help prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS. 3. How is currently being dealt with? The Nation Strategic Plan (NSP) is designed to guide South Africa’s response to HIV and AIDS control and develop strategies and interventions to help prevent and treat the disease. Priority 1: Prevention. Identifying and keeping HIV/AIDS negative members of society

Graffiti And Its Effects On The World War I - 1504 Words

Comm 1016 Essay We see graffiti everywhere even though it is illegal. Its on trains, buses, buildings you name it there has most likely been graffiti on it. Let’s start with what the definition of graffiti is, â€Å"writing or drawings scribbled, scratched, or sprayed illicitly on a wall or other surface in a public place† (Bing.com). Graffiti can be traced back as far as world war 2 the most famous tag of that time being, â€Å"Kilroy was here† along with an illustration the artist or ‘writer’ they are also known as, is unknown but believed to work in a bomb factory. Graffiti started to show it’s political and a more passionate voice around 1968 when a riot broke out in Paris France. The writer covered the city with the words â€Å"Beneath the paving†¦show more content†¦Next is wildstyle this form of graffiti was developed by graffiti artists like Tracy 168, Stay High 149, as well as Zephry in New York City. Wildstyle is leaps and bounds more complex than the previously listed styles it’s characteristics are that it’s hard to read, can look three dimensional, and it is aimed more towards looks over function. After wildstyle is the graffiti form referred to as piece, piece or street art contains an array of colours piece works can contain a deeper message than a tag. These pieces take more time and effort than tags making it difficult for street artists to complete without being caught, sometimes street artists are commissioned by land/building owners to paint these pieces onto their businesses or other blank surfaces that could use more colour. Blockbuster, the goal with blockbusters is to cover up other artists works or blockbusters and take up as much space possible doing so fast. Another form is heaven graffiti, this graffiti is found in places at are dangerous or hard to reach (Delana, n.d.), lastly is posters or paste-up which is when an artist creates a piece and then puts it up or ‘pastes’ it wherever they please (GraffitoCanberra, n.d.). Graffiti comes in many shapes, sizes and forms it is not limited to one style or characteristic neither are the people who create it. Graffiti at times is created by gangs, gangShow MoreRelatedEssay about Graffiti Art Brings Positive Effects to Our Society1645 Words   |  7 PagesGraffiti Art Brings Positive Effects to Our Society 2011 TED Prize winner - JRs Wish I wish for you to stand up for what you care about by participating in a global art project, and together well turn the world...INSIDE OUT. [pic] Outline I. Introduction Thesis statement: The development of street culture as known as â€Å"Global Street Subculture† from 15 years before until now integrates into a bigger scale and positively impacts our society and individualsRead MoreAntigovernment Statements through Painting1114 Words   |  5 PagesWhile Van Gogh shut himself off from the world first, in rural Provence, and second, in an asylum in Saint Remy, other artists have used their celebrity to draw attention to contemporary political events, and to speak out against, and challenge the establishment. As mentioned above, Warhol had made art from newspaper headlines, thus drawing attention to contemporary politics on race in America. However, among the best known of such anti governmental statements is Picasso’s painting Guernica, whichRead More`` Home Sweet Home `` By Graphic Designer And Friend Tristan Manco874 Words   |  4 Pagesbuildings and walls throughout the world. 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Chapter 1 will argue how Banksy’s street art is a form of visual culture and propaganda by defining propaganda and comparing his works to previous examples of visual manipulation in history, such as pro war posters during World War I and II. Chapter 2 will further explore the nature and intention of the artist, focusing on the content of his work as well as the political, social and religious context they display. Furthermore, chapter 3 will focus on the public receptionRead MoreThe World War II ( Wwii )1581 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"I see nothing, I hear nothing, I say nothing. I was not even there!† Some people remember these words from Sgt. Schultz in the series Hogan’s Heroes, that ran from 1965 till 1971 on TV. Many people, when they hear someone is from Germany or is German, assume that these people are or have relations to the Nazi Regime. But only a few know, that during the World War II (WWII), there were a few German non-violent resistance groups. These groups tried to â€Å"fight† the Nazis from within. Just to mentionRead MoreThe Music Of The Hip Hop1673 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"I said the hip hop, Hippie to the hippie, the hip, hip hop, and you don’t stop, a rock it to the bang, bang boogie, say you jump the boogie, to the rhythm of the boogie, the beat.† â€Å"Rapper’s Delight† is a song recorded in 1979 by American hip hop trio The Sugarhill Gang. It was the original 12-inch single was 15 minutes of incontestable urban-playboy bragging. â⠂¬Å"Rapper’s Delight† was not the first single but, it is generally considered to be the song that made hip hop in the United States popularRead MoreAn Exploration Of The Great Dictator1354 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Dictator (1940). Influences Portrayals Across the Atlantic, the political situation was tense to say the least. Adolf Hitler?s Nazi regime had just begun to terrorize the majority of Europe, causing Chaplin?s home country of England to enter World War II in late 1939. By this time, Chaplin, a vocally political anti-fascist, had expressed his dislike for Germany?s Fuhrer and had been working on The Great Dictator since 1937 (Cole, 2001). Despite this, Chaplin was pressured ?either to render theRead MoreWorld War II : The Cold War882 Words   |  4 PagesAs a result of World War II, Germany was divided between the four most triumphant allies. The United States, France, and Britain shared West Germany. On the other hand, East Germany was occupied by the communist Soviet Union. In the center of the Soviet side, these four countries split the city of Berlin as well. The French, British, and Americans contained the west zone of Berlin, while the Soviets contained the east of Berlin, in the same manner that they had split t he entire country. As soon

Global Business Marketing Business Planning

Question: Discuss about the Global Business Marketingfor Business Planning. Answer: Introduction Global business marketing refers the selling of products in the international market. Therefore, an organisation requires to include an effective procedure of business planning, producing, marketing and promoting their products in the global market. As per the statement of Ferraro Brody (2015), it can be stated that global marketing is benefitted for the products. This study will highlight how Mercedes Smart fortwo, Germany will meet the individuals requirement in the target market. Mercedes Smart, Germany has planned to expand their business in the market of Australia. In this context, this study will conduct the strategic analysis of Australia. Daimler Ag is a German multinational automotive company, whose headquarter is at Stuttgart, Baden- Wurttemberg, Germany. Daimler AG is the manufacturing organisation of Mercedes Smart fortwo (daimler.com). Daimler AG is the thirteenth largest car manufacturer automobile organisation. How Host Country meet the needs of Chosen Country Mercedes smart fortwo is a new smart third generation car. This car has two seats and two doors. The designing of this model reflects good balance between thee mind and the heart of the users. The design of Mercedes smart for two is familiar as FUN.ctional. It is known that automobile industry in Germany is most competitive and innovative within the world. Therefore, it can be mentioned that the employees of this country will be able to meet the Australian consumers requirement. How Product will be Accepted and usable by Australia Impact on Environment: Research shows that the consumers of Australia are willing to be comfortable during their journey. As a result, Mercedes smart fortwo will provide all the level of comfort to the consumers. Hill, Cronk Wickramasekera (2013) opined that Australia has been suffering from huge pollution and the government has restricted the usage of car. In this point, it can be observed that carbon emission from the engine of this car is very less. It emits 119 grams carbon per kilometre. Demand and Supply of Small Cars: On the contrary, Vercellotti Vercellotti (2016) argued that Australia is famous for the manufacturing of large sized passenger vehicles. Therefore, consumers are willing to purchase small sized cars. Australia is not usually produced small sized cars. Therefore, the demand for the small car for the use of personal usage has been increasing in Australia. This also proves that in case of expanding the business of Mercedes Smart fortwo, the company will get the success in their business. On the other hand, in case of launching this product in the other country, Mercedes smart fortwo has determined that they will charge affordable price from the consumers. By doing so, the management will be able to occupy a large portion of market in Australia. They set $ 15000 for this model. Mercedes smart fortwo has made a grand success in Europe. Furthermore, report shows that monthly purchase of vehicles for the personal use has been increasing in Australia since 1988, which can be noticed in the following chart: Figure 1: trend of purchasing of cars in Australia (Source: Cavusgil et al., 2014) From the above figure it can be observed that the trend of purchasing cars have been increasing with the passage of time. This proves that the consumers are willing to purchase the small sized cars. Therefore, if Mercedes smart fortwo will expand their business in the market of Australia, the Merecedes manufacturing company will be benefitted. Strategic Analysis In order to discuss the strategic analysis of Australian automobile industry, the economical, political, social environment of the target market is required to understand. Economical Factor: According to Rittenburg (2016), economical factors of target market are associated with the exchange rate and global economic growth of the host nation. As a result, larger amount of revenue restrained even in case of lower demand compared to the supply. On the other hand, due to the rise of inflation in the world market, has increased the price of the cars. On the other hand, the price of the fuel is depending upon the price elasticity of oil. Therefore, high price of oil leads to the fall in demand in Australia. In this situation, the demand for Mercedes smart fortwo will be decreased (Data.worldbank.org 2017). Political Factors: Political factors refer the major law and regulations of Australia, which reflects an organisation in case of expanding their business in the Australian market. In the words of Aronczyk (2013), the laws and regulations are brought up around the environmental measurement, which are required to fulfil to the automobile company. On the other hand, government of Australia also impose tariff in case of trading of cars from Germany. This would protect the countrys exporters from the international trade. In this point, Adekola Sergi (2016) mentioned that the automobile requires to set affordable price of their product, so that after tax imposition, the price of the importable cars would not be increased highly. Social-Cultural Factors: Based on the demographic condition and standard of living of Australia, the purchasing pattern will depend. The income statement of the consumers will directly make an effect on the purchasing behaviour. However, it can be noticed that increase the interest regarding the small sized cars has been increasing within the country. As a result, the revenue earning by the organisation will be increased. This will in turn increase the GDP of the target market. Environmental Factors: Mercedes has the opportunity in case of providing the more environmental products, such as higher fuel efficiency cars. Therefore, Rittenburg (2016) cited that business sustainability will be increased through the improvements in organisations process efficiency in this country. Brief Competition Analysis for Products Key Competition The major competitors of Mercedes Company in Australia are such as Iveco and Elfin. They are small car manufacturing company of Australia. In the year of 1983, Elfin first manufacture junior models of the cars. They are specialised in the production of small sized cars. On the other hand, Iveco has the specialisation in the manufacturing of small sized semi trucks. Figure 2: Revenue earning (Source: Created by author) Recommendations for Key Strategies Pricing Strategy: In order to make the business successful in the Australian market, Mercedes requires to consider the income statement of the consumers In addition, they also consider the ability to pay of the consumers, competitors action, target market condition in case of expanding the business. Therefore, it can be recommended the car manufacturing company requires to set penetration pricing policy in order to gain the market (Adekola Sergi, 2016). As the demand is high for this car in Australia, therefore, Mercedes has planned to charge higher price for the products initially and then with the passage of time, the price of the car will be decreased. Distribution Strategy: Mercedes smart fortwo has planned to distribute their products in Australia to the wholesalers. It is not possible to sale the products to the consumers directly. The wholesalers will sell the cars directly to the customers. As the demand for this smart car is higher in Australia, therefore, the management of Mercedes Smart fortwo will not be able to communicate individually with the consumers, therefore, they take the help of the wholesalers (Adekola Sergi, 2016). Product Promotion: Moreover, Aronczyk (2013) mentioned that in order to market the product in Australia, Mercedes requires to take the help of media, social networking sites for the purpose of advertisements. The effective promotional strategy such as providing innovative offer can increase the sales of the company. Conclusion The major concern of this study is to market Mercedes smart fortwo car in the market of Australia. Therefore, the company requires to first identifying the political, environmental, economical and the social factors in Australia, which can affect the organisation in case of expansion. The organisation also requires to follow penetration pricing policy in order to occupy the market. References Adekola, A., Sergi, B. S. (2016).Global business management: A cross-cultural perspective. Routledge. Aronczyk, M. (2013).Branding the nation: The global business of national identity. Oxford University Press. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014).International business. Pearson Australia. Ferraro, G., Brody, E. K. (2015).Cultural Dimension of Global Business. Routledge. Helm, R., Gritsch, S. (2014). Examining the influence of uncertainty on marketing mix strategy elements in emerging business to business export-markets.International Business Review,23(2), 418-428. Hill, C. W., Cronk, T., Wickramasekera, R. (2013).Global business today. McGraw-Hill Education (Australia). Rittenburg, T. L. (2016). Cowboy Ethics: Marketing Gimmick or Business Ethics Tool?. InThriving in a New World Economy(pp. 31-35). Springer International Publishing. Vercellotti, S. V., Vercellotti, J. R. (2016). The development of a global small chemical business with international marketing and outreach. InChemistry without Borders: Careers, Research, and Entrepreneurship(pp. 147-156). American Chemical Society. Wild, J., Wild, K. L., Han, J. C. (2014).International business. Pearson Education Limited. GDP per capita (current US$) | Data. (2017).Data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 31 January 2017, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=AU-IM (2017). Retrieved 2 February 2017, from https://www.daimler.com/company/

Western Expansion Of The U.S. Essays - Presidency Of James K. Polk

Western Expansion Of The U.S. International borders have always been centers of conflict, and the U.S.-Mexican border is no exception. With the European colonizing the New World, it was a matter of time before the powers collided. The Spanish settled what is today Mexico, while the English settled what is to day the United States. When the two colonial powers did meet what is today the United States' Southwest, it was not England and Spain. Rather the two powers were the United States and Mexico. Both Counties had broken off from their mother countries. The conflict that erupted between the two countries where a direct result of different nation policies. The United States had a policy of westward expansion, while Mexico had a policy of self protection. The Americans never had a written policy of expansion. What they had was the idea of Manifest Destiny. Manifest Destiny was the belief that the United States had the right to expand westward to the Pacific ocean. On the other hand, Mexico was a new country wanting to protect itself from outside powers. Evidence of U.S. expansion is seen with the independence of Texas from Mexico. The strongest evidence of U.S. expansion goals is with the Mexican-American War. From the beginning, the war was conceived as an opportunity for land expansion. Mexico feared the United States expansion goals. During the 16th century, the Spanish began to settle the region. The Spanish had all ready conquered and settled Central Mexico. Now they wanted to expand their land holdings north. The first expedition into the region, that is today the United States Southwest, was with Corando. Corando reported a region rich in resources, soon after people started to settle the region. The driving force behind the settlement was silver in the region. The Spanish settled the region through three major corridors; central, western and eastern. The first settlements were mainly through the central corridor. The Spanish went thorough what is now the modern Mexican state of Chihuahua into the U.S. state of New Mexico. Eventually the Spanish established the city of Santa Fe in 1689. The eastern corridor was through modern day Texas and led to the establishment of San Antonio. The eastern expansion was caused by the French expansion into modern day Louisiana. The Spanish crown wanted a buffer between the French in Louisiana and central Mexico. The last corridor of expansion was in the west, through the sea, which led to the establishment of San Diego in 1769 and Los Angles in 1781. The Spanish were not the only European power to colonize the new world; French, English and the Dutch also settled North and South America. The Spanish and the French settled what is present day U.S.-Mexico border region. The French settled modern day U.S. midwest, while the Spanish settled present day Mexico and U.S. southwest. As time went on, European influence in the region diminished.. The French sold there claims to the United States, in 1803 with the Louisiana Purchase. Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821. Once the United States bought the Louisiana Purchase, western expansion began. This set the stage for major conflict in the region. The United States gained independence from England in 1775. After 1775, the Americans started to expand west. By the time Mexico gained independence, the United States had reached the Mexican frontier. Mexico needed to protect its northern borders. To protect the border region, Mexico needed to populate the area. Mexico continued the policy started by Spain of allowing Americans to settle Texas. The Americans had to follow Mexican law, religion and customs. The settlement of Texas played into the United States' expansion plans. Eventually Mexico City closed Texas from more Americans from entering. This angered the Americans wanting to enter and Americans already living in Texas. Texas revolted from Mexico in 1833. Mexicans did live in Texas, and fought for the independence of Texas. The majority of Texans were Americans and fought for their independence. After the war the Americans intentionally or non-intentionally forced most Mexicans out of Texas. The ones that stayed faced racial tensions that continue to today. After gaining independence from Mexico, Texas wanted to join the United States immediately. The U.S. Congress voted against Texas

Politics of George Clooney, Actor and Liberal Activist

Politics of George Clooney, Actor and Liberal Activist American actor George Clooney is a liberal, a strong supporter of liberal causes and charities, and an outspoken critic of conservative politics and warmongering. Clooney supported John Kerry for President in 2004; Barack Obama in 2008 and 2012, and Hilary Clinton in 2016. Among other causes, he actively supports gay rights. Im a liberal. Im confused when that became a bad word. Its interesting. I think what happened over a period of time, probably in the late 80s when it became sort of a political tool.... [T]he liberal movement morally, you know, has stood on the right side of an awful lot of issues. We thought that blacks should be allowed to sit at the front of the bus and women should be able to vote, McCarthy was wrong, Vietnam was a mistake.  George Clooney to CNNs Larry King on February 16, 2006. Actor, Director, Producer George Clooney is best-known as having been a television and film actor since early 1980s, and as a director and film producer since 2002s Confessions of a Dangerous Mind. Most Americans first noticed him as the handsome Dr. Doug Ross on the popular television program ER from 1994 to 1999. Clooney regularly appeared in five other television shows prior to ER. Clooneys acting credits range from the goofy Return of the Killer Tomatoes (1988) to the seriocomic O Brother Where Art Thou, the Coen brothers 2000 take on Homers The Odyssey. His writing, producing, and directing credits include political-commentary films such as Syriana (2005) and The American (2010), as well as historically-themed films such as The Monuments Men (2014) and Good Night, and Good Luck (2006). The Clooney Family George Clooney was born in 1961 near Lexington, Kentucky to Nick Clooney, a regional newscaster and well-liked TV personality, and Nina Warren Clooney, local city council member, and former Kentucky beauty queen. Hes also the nephew of the singer Rosemary Clooney and cousin of actor Miguel Ferrer. One 2003 article dubs the Clooney clan the Kennedys of Kentucky for their formidable liberal influence in the conservative northern part of that state. By all reports, the Clooneys are a close-knit, Irish-Catholic family, and George is fiercely loyal to his father. When Nick Clooney ran for Congress in 2004, George raised over $600,000 from fellow celebrity-activists for his fathers unsuccessful campaign and made personal appearances on behalf of his father. Charity Causes In the charity world, Clooney is known for his work with numerous disaster relief efforts, including America: A Tribute to Heroes in 2001 for victims of 9/11; Tsunami Aid: A Concert of Hope, to benefit victims of the late-2004 Indian Ocean tsunami; and the Hope for Haiti Now for the victims of the 2010 earthquake. Clooney donated $1 million in September 2005 to the United Way Hurricane Katrina Response Fund to help out the victims of the hurricane. Clooney is a member of the United Way Board of Trustees. Said Clooney when he made the donation, Today our neighbors need food, shelter, and health care, but the very near future is when the difficult part of rebuilding lives and homes and cities starts. Were all in this one together. In March 2006, Clooney donated his Oscar gift-bag (Value: about $100,000) to the United Way, to be auctioned off to benefit that humanitarian organizations programs. Preventing Mass Atrocities Clooney has also contributed money and time to the recognition, prevention, and cessation of genocides and mass atrocities. He was instrumental in the creation of Journey to Darfur, a program on the ongoing conflict in Darfur; the recognition of the Armenian Genocide; the Satellite Sentinel Project reporting on the civil war between Sudan and South Sudan; and the Aurora Prize, which awards people who risk their lives to present genocides and atrocities. In 2006, Clooneys longtime liberal activism and unabashed political views also rose to headline-attracting public prominence. After a 5-day visit to Darfur, Clooney spoke out against genocide in that country and urged greater US and NATO involvement. In September 2006, Clooney testified before the UN Security Council, urging that UN peacekeepers enter Darfur. Clooney and the Conservative Media Clooney has been the focus of attacks from conservative media outlets. In September 2001, Clooney was a primary organizer on a telethon to raise money for victims of 9/11. The program, America: A Tribute to Heroes raised US $129 million which was donated to The United Way. Conservative political commentator Bill OReilly took Clooney and his associates to task for not appearing on The OReilly Factor program to respond to scattered news reports that the money was not, in fact, going to the victims. Infuriated, Clooney responded in an angry letter to OReilly on November 6, 2001, in which he scolded, The fund is not only the most successful single fundraiser ever, it is doing exactly what it is designed to do. Responsibly. The money is going out to the right people... In 2014, the British tabloid The Daily Mail reported that the family of his then-fiancee, Amal Alamuddin, opposed their marriage on religious grounds, saying that some of her relatives had joked about killing the bride if she disobeyed her parents. Clooney wrote an open letter in the USA Today calling the paper a laughable tabloid that crossed into the arena of inciting violence. A Few Political Films Over his career, Clooney has appeared in and had some creative control over the production of several films with political content. Here are a few of the best known. Three Kings (1999)- At the Gulf Wars end, four US soldiers come across a potential jackpot: a rolled up treasure map to Saddam Husseins stashes of confiscated gold hidden bewteen the buttocks of a captured soldier. While pursuing selfish gain, the men collide with Iraqi civilians and experience a different side of the war.Confessions of a Dangerous Mind  (2002)- Based on the life of Chuck Barris, who claimed dual careers as loony game-show host and CIA operative for the US government. Also directed by Clooney.Good Night, and Good Luck (2005)- Taking place during the early days of broadcast journalism in 1950s America, this film chronicles the real-life conflict between newsman Edward R. Murrow and Senator Joseph McCarthy and his House Un-American Activities Committee. In a political climate of fear and reprisal, the CBS news crew persists. McCarthy is brought before the Senate and made powerless as his lies and bullying tactics are finally uncovered. Clooney was nominated for a Bes t Director Oscar for this film. Syriana (2005)- In this political thriller that unfolds against the intrigue of the global oil industry, Clooney plays the role of career CIA operative who disturbing truths about the work to which he has devoted his life. He won the 2006 Best Supporting Oscar and a Golden Globe for this role.The Ides of March (2011)- Clooney directed and co-wrote the screenplay for this take on modern-day dirty politics,Money Monster (2016)- A financial TV hose and his producer are taken hostage by an irate investor who is convinced there is a conspiracy driving fluctuations in global high tech markets. Summing Up Liberalism When asked in 2005 by the German magazine Brigitte, why conservatives continually vilify liberals, Clooney succinctly summed up liberalism.... Its quite amazing that liberal nowadays has become a swear word as in the history of our country it always meant to be on the side of justice. It started with the witchhunt in Salem, the conservatives point of view was: Burn them at the stake, and the liberals point of view was: There are no witches. And thats how it continued with the civil rights movement and womens suffrage. The liberals were always right in the end. Sources: Carr. 2005. A ringside seat for Murrow versus McCarthy. The New York Times, 18 September 2005.Cieply M. 2010. Within days, a global benefit takes shape. The New York Times 21 January 2010. Gibson, C. 2017. George Clooney takes aim at powerhourse D.C. lobbying firm over its ties to the Sudanese government. The Washington Post 7 July 2017.Somaiya R and Haughney C. 2014. Heard the News on George Clooney? This Much Is True: He’s Livid. The New York Times, 11 July 2014.Internet Movie Database (IMDb). 2017 George Clooney. Downloaded 24 November 2017

Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, Liberias Iron Lady

Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, Liberias Iron Lady Ellen Johnson was born on  October  29, 1938, in Monrovia, the capital of Liberia, amongst the descendants of original colonists of Liberia (ex-African slaves from America, who promptly on arrival set about enslaving the indigenous people using the social system of their old American masters as a basis for their new society). These descendants are known in Liberia as Americo-Liberians. Causes of Liberias Civil Conflict The social inequalities between indigenous Liberians and the Americo-Liberians have lead to much of the political and social strife in the country, as leadership bounced between dictators representing opposing groups (Samuel Doe replacing William Tolbert, Charles Taylor replacing Samuel Doe). Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf rejects the suggestion that she is one of the elite: If such a class existed, it has been obliterated over the last few years from intermarriages and social integration. Gaining an Education From 1948 to 55 Ellen Johnson studied accounts and economics at the College of West Africa in Monrovia. After marriage at the age of 17 to James Sirleaf, she traveled to America (in 1961) and continued her studies, achieving a degree from the University of Colorado. From 1969 to 71 she read economics at Harvard, gaining a masters degree in public administration. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf then returned to Liberia and began working in William Tolberts (True Whig Party) government. A Start in Politics Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf served as Minister of Finance from 1972 to 73 but left after a disagreement over public spending. As the 70s progressed, life under Liberias one-party state became more polarised- to the benefit of the Americo-Liberian elite. On April 12, 1980, Master Sergeant Samuel Kayon Doe, a member of the indigenous Krahn ethnic group, seized power in a military coup and President William Tolbert was executed along with several members of his cabinet by firing squad. Life under Samuel Doe With the Peoples Redemption Council now in power, Samuel Doe began a purge of government. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf narrowly escaped- choosing exile in Kenya. From 1983 to 85 she served as Director of Citibank in Nairobi, but when Samuel Doe declared himself president of the Republic in 1984 and unbanned political parties, she decided to return. During the 1985 elections, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf campaigned against Doe and was placed under house arrest. An Economists Life in Exile Sentenced to ten years in prison, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf spent just a short time incarcerated, before being allowed to leave the country once again as an exile. During the 1980s she served as Vice President of both the African Regional Office of Citibank, in Nairobi, and of (HSCB) Equator Bank, in Washington. Back in Liberia civil unrest erupted once more. On 9 September 1990, Samuel Doe was killed by a splinter group from Charles Taylors National Patriotic Front of Liberia. A New Regime From 1992 to 97 Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf worked as Assistant Administrator, and then Director, of the UN Development Program Regional Bureau for Africa (essentially an Assistant Secretary-General of the UN). Meanwhile, in Liberia, an interim government was put in power, led by a succession of four un-elected officials (the last of whom, Ruth Sando Perry, was Africas first female leader). By 1996 the presence of West African peacekeepers created a lull in the civil war, and elections were held. A First Attempt at the Presidency Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf returned to Liberia in 1997 to contest the election. She came second to Charles Taylor (gaining 10% of the vote compared to his 75%) out of a field of 14 candidates. The election was declared free and fair by international observers. (Johnson-Sirleaf campaigned against Taylor and was charged with treason.) By 1999 civil war had returned to Liberia, and Taylor was accused of interfering with his neighbors, fomenting unrest and rebellion. A New Hope from Liberia On 11 August 2003, after much persuasion, Charles Taylor handed power over to his deputy Moses Blah. The new interim government and rebel groups signed an historic peace accord and set about installing a new head of state. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf was proposed as a possible candidate, but in the end, the diverse groups selected Charles Gyude Bryant, a political neutral. Johnson-Sirleaf served as head of the Governance Reform Commission. Liberias 2005 Election Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf played an active role in the transitional government as the country prepared for the 2005 elections and eventually stood for president against her rival the ex-international footballer, George Manneh Weah. Despite the elections being called fair and orderly, Weah repudiated the result, which gave a majority to Johnson-Sirleaf, and the announcement of Liberias new president was postponed, pending an investigation. On  November 23, 2005, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf was declared the winner of the Liberian election and confirmed as the countrys next president. Her inauguration, attended by the likes of US First Lady Laura Bush and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, took place on Monday, January 16, 2006.Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, the divorced mother of four boys and grandmother to six children, is Liberias first elected female president, as well as the first elected female leader on the continent.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 270

Assignment Example Various parts of the world have different cultural practices and food preferences, the MacDonald in its establishment in each country, has paid attention to the cultural believes and the taste of the different countries. For instance in India, the country took into consideration the fact that the Hindu culture does not advocate beef consumption (Keegan, 2014). To curb the issue, the company provided a similar product but without beef in it – maharaja chicken-.The Company strategically places itself in abuse place that can attract more customers. For instance in India New Delhi initial branch, the company places itself in a busy street that saw soaring queue in the evenings hence drawing large revenue to the company. Moreover, for acceptability in the local areas, the company purchases over 90 percent of its raw materials from the locals (Keegan, 2014). As much as MacDonald’s might want to standardize its products in its entire chains world over, it has to pay attention to the local culture and preferences. To the MacDonald and its acceptability world over, the company has resulted to developing a similar product but using different ingredients that are acceptable in the local market. It is evidently displayed in